Die Ära des Homo Sapiens und das Aussterben der Neandertaler (45000-40000 v. Chr.)
In der Zeitspanne von 45000 bis 40000 Jahren vor Christus erlebte unsere Welt eine bemerkenswerte Veränderung. Es war die Ära, in der der Homo sapiens, unsere direkten Vorfahren, begannen, ihre Dominanz auf der Erde zu etablieren. Aber diese Ära war auch Zeuge des Niedergangs einer anderen Spezies – der Neandertaler.
Die Neandertaler, die engsten ausgestorbenen Verwandten des modernen Menschen, lebten in Eurasien, von Westeuropa bis Zentralasien, für Hunderttausende von Jahren. Aber irgendwann zwischen 45000 und 40000 Jahren vor Christus begannen sie zu verschwinden. Die genauen Gründe für ihr Aussterben sind immer noch Gegenstand intensiver wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen, aber eine Theorie deutet darauf hin, dass der Homo sapiens eine Rolle gespielt haben könnte.
Zu dieser Zeit waren die Homo sapiens hauptsächlich Fleischfresser. Sie jagten aktiv und aßen Fleisch, einschließlich, wie einige vermuten, das Fleisch von Neandertalern. Diese Praxis könnte dazu geführt haben, dass Spuren von Neandertaler-DNA in unsere eigene DNA eingebettet wurden, ein Phänomen, das heute noch nachweisbar ist.
Es ist bekannt, dass der Homo sapiens, unser Vorfahre, ursprünglich nicht wusste, wie man Feuer macht. Genau in dieser Zeit wurde das Feuermachen von den Homo sapiens entdeckt. Die Kontrolle über das Feuer hätte dem Homo sapiens viele Vorteile gebracht, wie z.B. die Möglichkeit, Nahrung zu kochen, was die Verfügbarkeit und Verdaulichkeit von Nährstoffen erhöhte. Es hätte auch Schutz vor Raubtieren geboten und es ihnen ermöglicht, in kälteren Klimazonen zu leben.
Nachdem sie das Feuermachen gelernt hatten, könnten die Homo sapiens die Neandertaler ausgelöscht haben. Dies ist eine kontroverse Theorie, die weitere Untersuchungen erfordern würde, aber es ist möglich, dass Konflikte und Wettbewerb um Ressourcen zu Spannungen zwischen den beiden Arten geführt haben könnten.
Diese 5000-jährige Zeitspanne, in der der Homo sapiens das Feuermachen erlernte und begann, seine Körperbehaarung zu verlieren, markiert einen Wendepunkt in der Geschichte der menschlichen Evolution. Es war das Ende einer Ära und der Beginn einer neuen, in der der Homo sapiens die dominierende Spezies auf der Erde wurde. Es gibt auch andere Theorien, die das Aussterben der Neandertaler erklären, einschließlich Krankheiten, Klimaveränderungen und sogar Vermischung mit dem Homo sapiens. Es ist ein komplexes und faszinierendes Gebiet der Forschung.
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